DR.Jignesh Gala
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Retina Check-up & OCT Scan in Andheri, Mumbai — The 30-Minute Screening That Prevents Blindness

Written & medically reviewed by Dr. Jignesh Gala, Vitreoretinal & Cataract Surgeon (FRCS Glasgow), Founder & Director — Crystal Clear Eye Clinic (Andheri West) and Topax Eye Hospital (Vile Parle East), Mumbai. Facts verified: 24 July 2026.

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⚡ Quick answer: A retina check-up is a 30-minute, painless workup — vision, eye pressure, dilating drops, a specialist’s retinal examination and usually an OCT scan (₹1,500–3,000 per eye in Mumbai, verified 24 July 2026). It exists because the blinding retinal diseases — diabetic retinopathy, AMD, retinal vein occlusion, macular holes, CSR — are silent in their early, treatable stages. Every diabetic needs one yearly; everyone over 40 with family history or high minus power should too. For a retina check-up and OCT scan in Andheri, Dr. Jignesh Gala (FRCS Glasgow) examines you personally at Crystal Clear Eye Clinic, Andheri West and Topax Eye Hospital, Vile Parle East. Call 077188 85245 — open daily, closes 9 pm.

🔎 Popular guides by Dr. Gala:

1. Why Retina Screening Exists

Here is the pattern we see every week in Andheri: a patient arrives with “sudden” vision loss, and the OCT shows a disease that has clearly been cooking for years. The retina almost never hurts. There is no redness, no watering, no warning — the brain even fills in early blind spots so you don’t notice them. That is why the serious retinal diseases are caught early only by screening, never by symptoms:

  • Diabetic retinopathy — bleeds and leaks silently for years; India’s diabetes burden makes this the #1 screening reason. Imaging biomarkers now predict progression before vision drops (Survey of Ophthalmology, 2024).
  • AMD (age-related macular degeneration) — drusen and early wet changes visible on OCT long before distortion starts.
  • Glaucoma — the RNFL scan shows nerve fibre thinning years before side vision is lost; our best eye specialist in Andheri workup always includes it.
  • CSR (central serous retinopathy) — fluid blisters under the macula, common in stressed 30–50-year-old professionals; a 30-second OCT settles it.
  • Retinal tears and detachment risk — especially in high myopes (high minus number); a dilated peripheral exam finds the tear before it becomes a detachment.
  • Macular holes, epiretinal membranes, vein occlusions — all found on screening OCTs in patients who “just came for a routine check.”
Retina check-up and OCT scan in Andheri — OCT screening at Crystal Clear Eye Clinic, Andheri West, Mumbai
OCT screening at Crystal Clear Eye Clinic, Andheri West — the machine that sees disease years before you feel it.

The maths is simple: a ₹1,500–3,000 OCT that finds early macular oedema saves injections costing lakhs over a lifetime — and saves the vision no money repurchases after scarring. Screening is not an expense; it is the cheapest vision insurance in medicine.

2. What a Proper Retina Check-up Includes

A “retina check” at a spectacle shop and a retina check-up by a vitreoretinal specialist are different things. Ours, step by step (about 30 minutes with dilation):

  1. Vision & refraction (5 min): each eye tested separately — your baseline, and the first clue when something is off.
  2. Eye pressure (1 min): screens for glaucoma in the same visit.
  3. Dilating drops (15–20 min wait): the pupil opens so the doctor sees the whole retina, including the periphery where tears hide. Bring sunglasses; near vision stays blurry 3–4 hours.
  4. OCT scan of macula ± RNFL (5 min): the cross-sectional scan — details next section.
  5. Specialist retinal examination: Dr. Gala examines the macula, vessels and peripheral retina himself — not a technician’s photo forwarded for a signature.
  6. Report explained on the spot: your scans on the screen, in Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati or English, with the plan in writing.
Retina check-up and OCT scan in Andheri West — dilated retinal examination by Dr Jignesh Gala, Mumbai
The dilated retinal examination — the part no machine can replace, done by the specialist himself.

If screening finds disease, treatment happens in the same ecosystem — from diabetic eye care in Mumbai to macular edema treatment in Andheri West — no referrals, no repeating tests elsewhere.

3. The OCT Explained — 5 Painless Minutes

OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) is the single most important retinal invention of our generation — an “optical biopsy” that shows the retina’s ten layers in cross-section, down to microns, without touching your eye. You rest your chin, look at a light, blink normally — done. No injection, no dye, no radiation. It is safe in pregnancy and safe to repeat at every visit.

What the OCT shows that no other test can:

  • Fluid — diabetic macular oedema, CSR, wet AMD, vein-occlusion swelling; modern oedema management is built entirely around OCT (Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 2024).
  • Thickness and biomarkers — baseline OCT features predict how well vision will respond to treatment (Ophthalmology, 2026); persistent oedema has its own signatures (Survey of Ophthalmology, 2023).
  • Structure — macular holes, epiretinal membranes, vitreous traction, drusen, RNFL thinning in glaucoma.
  • Vessels without dye — OCT angiography (OCTA, ₹3,500–5,000) maps blood flow and diabetic changes injection-free (OCTA update, biomarkers review).

Cost in Mumbai 2026: OCT ₹1,500–3,000 per eye (verified 24 July 2026). One honest warning: an OCT is only as good as the person reading it — a specialist-read scan changes treatment; a technician’s auto-report changes nothing.

4. Who Needs a Retina Check-up & The Schedule

You Are…WhyHow Often
Diabetic (type 1 or 2)Retinopathy is silent till late; India leads the world in diabetesEvery year minimum; 3–6 months if any disease found
Over 40 with family history of AMD/glaucoma/retinal detachmentGenetics loads the diceEvery 1–2 years
High myope (minus power above −6)Stretched retina = higher tear/detachment and myopic maculopathy riskYearly dilated check
Hypertensive / kidney disease / on long-term steroids or HCQVascular and drug-related retinal damageYearly, or as advised
Over 60, even healthyAMD and hole/membrane risk rises with ageEvery 1–2 years
Symptoms — sudden floaters, flashes, curtain over vision, distortion, sudden blurPossible tear, detachment, wet AMD, vein occlusionSame day. Not next week.

Residents of Lokhandwala, Versova, Yari Road, Juhu, Oshiwara, DN Nagar, Seven Bungalows, Azad Nagar, Veera Desai Road, Jogeshwari, Vile Parle, Amboli — and Goregaon, Malad, Kandivali, Bandra, Khar, Santacruz — this is the highest-yield half hour in your health calendar. Diabetic patients: read our pages on diabetic retinopathy in Andheri and diabetic macular edema (DME) treatment in Mumbai; seniors: ARMD treatment in Andheri West.

5. Why Patients Choose Dr. Jignesh Gala for a Retina Check-up in Andheri

Dr Jignesh Gala — retina check-up and OCT scan in Andheri West, Mumbai at Crystal Clear Eye Clinic
Dr. Jignesh Gala, FRCS (Glasgow) — every screening OCT read by the retina specialist himself

Dr. Jignesh Gala — FRCS (Glasgow), MRCS (Edinburgh), FICO, vitreoretinal fellowship from L.V. Prasad Eye Institute — owns and directs both Crystal Clear Eye Clinic (Andheri West) and Topax Eye Hospital (Vile Parle East). A screening is only as valuable as the eyes reading your scan — and here those eyes belong to a vitreoretinal surgeon who has treated every disease the scan can find.

✅ Specialist-read scans, always: your OCT is interpreted by Dr. Gala on the spot, correlated with the dilated examination — never a technician printout stamped “please consult a doctor.”

✅ Fully aware of the latest research — unlike old practitioners who stopped reading journals years ago: OCT biomarkers, OCTA protocols, predictive imaging — six years as a BMJ Case Reports peer reviewer keeps his thresholds current.

✅ Trained at the top: L.V. Prasad vitreoretinal fellowship; founding ophthalmology team of Woodlands Health Singapore; ex-Assistant Professor, B.Y.L. Nair Hospital. Recognised as a best retina specialist in Mumbai.

✅ One-roof escalation: if screening finds something — a tear needing barrage laser, oedema needing injections, a hole needing vitrectomy surgery — treatment starts same doctor, same centre, same week. See retina treatment in Andheri and vitreoretinal treatment in Andheri.

✅ Cataract coordination: retinal clearance before cataract surgery prevents nasty surprises — our Premium IOL Selection Guide 2026 and Laser Cataract Surgery in Andheri pages explain the lens conversation.

6. Locations — Retina Check-up & OCT Scan in Andheri West & Vile Parle East

1) Crystal Clear Eye Clinic — Andheri West

📍 Address: Laram Centre CHS, A1-202, Swami Vivekanand Road, above Sunil Jewellers, near NADCO Shopping Centre, Railway Colony, Andheri West, Mumbai 400058 • Open daily, closes 9 pm.
📞 Phone: 077188 85245 • 💬 WhatsApp Us
💳 Third-party/TPA cashless is done through Crystal Clear Eye Clinic (Andheri West).

Minutes from Andheri station, Lokhandwala, Versova, Yari Road, Juhu, Oshiwara, DN Nagar, Seven Bungalows, Azad Nagar, Veera Desai Road, Jogeshwari, Vile Parle West and Amboli; Bandra, Khar, Santacruz, Goregaon, Malad and Kandivali reach us in 20–30 minutes. Walk-ins are accommodated, but a booked slot keeps your wait shortest.

Retina check-up and OCT scan team at Topax Eye Hospital Vile Parle East — retina specialist near Andheri Mumbai
The Topax Eye Hospital team, Vile Parle East — from screening OCT to full retinal surgery under one roof.

2) Topax Eye Hospital — Vile Parle East

📍 Vile Parle East, Mumbai (call for the exact address & directions) • 📞 077188 85245 • Open daily, closes 9 pm.
💳 Direct cashless is done through Topax Eye Care (Vile Parle East).

Convenient for Santacruz East, Khar, Bandra East, Kalina, Vakola, Juhu and the airport corridor. As a full hospital, Topax carries your screening result all the way — laser, injections, surgery — under Dr. Gala himself.

7. हिंदी • मराठी • ગુજરાતી — Patient Summaries

🇮🇳 हिंदी सारांश — रेटिना चेक-अप और OCT स्कैन

रेटिना की गंभीर बीमारियाँ (डायबिटिक रेटिनोपैथी, AMD, CSR) शुरुआत में बिल्कुल चुप रहती हैं — इसलिए स्क्रीनिंग ही एकमात्र बचाव है। 30 मिनट की पूरी तरह बेदर्द जाँच: नज़र, प्रेशर, पुतली फैलाकर परीक्षण और OCT (₹1,500–3,000 प्रति आँख)। अंधेरी में रेटिना चेक-अप और OCT स्कैन के लिए मिलें डॉ. जिग्नेश गाला (FRCS ग्लासगो) से — क्रिस्टल क्लियर आई क्लिनिक, अंधेरी वेस्ट और टोपैक्स आई हॉस्पिटल, विले पार्ले ईस्ट। अपॉइंटमेंट: 077188 85245।

🚩 मराठी सारांश — रेटिना तपासणी आणि OCT स्कॅन

रेटिनाच्या गंभीर आजारांना (डायबिटिक रेटिनोपथी, AMD, CSR) सुरुवातीला कोणतेही लक्षण नसते — म्हणून नियमित स्क्रीनिंग हाच बचाव. ३० मिनिटांची पूर्ण वेदनारहित तपासणी: दृष्टी, डोळ्यांचा दाब, पुतडी फुलवून परीक्षण आणि OCT (₹१,५००–३,००० प्रति डोळा). अंधेरीत रेटिना तपासणी व OCT स्कॅनसाठी डॉ. जिग्नेश गाला — क्रिस्टल क्लियर आय क्लिनिक, अंधेरी वेस्ट व टोपॅक्स आय हॉस्पिटल, विले पार्ले ईस्ट. भेटीसाठी: 077188 85245.

🟡 ગુજરાતી સારાંશ — રેટિના ચેક-અપ અને OCT સ્કેન

રેટિનાના ગંભીર રોગો (ડાયાબિટિક રેટિનોપેથી, AMD, CSR) શરૂઆતમાં બિલકુલ શાંત રહે છે — એટલે સ્ક્રીનિંગ જ એકમાત્ર બચાવ. ૩૦ મિનિટની સંપૂર્ણ પીડારહિત તપાસ: નજર, પ્રેશર, પુપિલ પહોળી કરીને પરીક્ષણ અને OCT (₹૧,૫૦૦–૩,૦૦૦ દરેક આંખ). અંધેરીમાં રેટિના ચેક-અપ અને OCT સ્કેન માટે ડૉ. જિગ્નેશ ગાલા — ક્રિસ્ટલ ક્લિયર આય ક્લિનિક, અંધેરી વેસ્ટ અને ટોપેક્સ આય હોસ્પિટલ, વિલે પાર્લે ઇસ્ટ. એપોઈન્ટમેન્ટ: 077188 85245.

Dr Jignesh Gala in scrubs — retina check-up and OCT scan specialist in Andheri Mumbai
Screening, laser, injections, surgery — every step of your retinal care stays with Dr. Gala.

8. ❓ 8 Frequently Asked Questions (English + Hinglish)

1. Retina check-up mein kya kya hota hai?

Paanch steps, kul ~30 minute: (1) har aankh ki vision alag se; (2) eye pressure check (glaucoma screening); (3) dilating drops se putli failti hai — 15–20 minute wait; (4) OCT scan — 5 minute, machine aankh ko touch nahi karti; (5) Dr. Gala khud dilated examination karke report screen par samjhate hain. Dilation ke baad 3–4 ghante paas ki nazar dhundhli rehti hai — sunglasses laayein, gaadi khud na chalayein.

2. OCT scan cost in Andheri kitna hai?

Mumbai 2026 mein ₹1,500–3,000 per eye (verified 24 July 2026). OCTA (bina dye wala vessel scan) ₹3,500–5,000. Consultation ₹800–1,500 alag se. Hum phone par hi exact price bata dete hain — call karein 077188 85245. Yaad rakhein: OCT ki asli value usko padhne wale specialist mein hai — auto-report aur specialist interpretation do alag cheezein hain.

3. Kya OCT scan painful hai?

Bilkul nahi. Koi injection nahi, koi dye nahi, koi radiation nahi — machine aapki aankh ko chhooti bhi nahi. Aap chin rest par baithkar ek light ki taraf dekhte hain, 1–2 minute per aankh. Pregnancy mein bhi safe hai, aur har visit par repeat karna bilkul safe hai. Sirf agar dilation drops lage hon toh kuch ghante glare aur paas ka dhundhlapan rehta hai — wo bhi temporary.

4. How often should I get a retina check-up?

Depends on who you are: every diabetic — yearly, no exceptions (every 3–6 months if any retinopathy is found). Over 40 with family history of AMD/glaucoma/detachment, high myopes (above −6), hypertension, or long-term steroids/HCQ: every 1–2 years. Healthy over 60: every 1–2 years. And any sudden symptoms — floaters, flashes, a curtain, distortion — mean same day, not next week.

5. Retina check-up ke liye appointment chahiye ya walk-in?

Dono chalta hai — walk-ins ko accommodate karte hain, lekin booked slot par wait sabse kam rehti hai. Ek call 077188 85245 par slot mil jaata hai (open daily, closes 9 pm), ya WhatsApp karein. Dilation ke 15–20 minute ke wait ko samet total ~30–45 minute ka time nikaal kar aayein.

6. What diseases does an OCT scan detect?

The OCT detects and grades: diabetic macular oedema and retinopathy changes, wet and dry AMD (drusen, fluid), CSR, macular holes, epiretinal membranes, vitreomacular traction, vein-occlusion swelling, and — on the RNFL scan — early glaucoma nerve damage. OCTA maps retinal vessels without any dye. In short: nearly every blinding macular disease shows up on OCT before it shows up in your vision — the whole point of screening.

7. Retina check-up kahan karayein Andheri mein?

Crystal Clear Eye Clinic — Laram Centre CHS, A1-202, S.V. Road, above Sunil Jewellers, near NADCO Shopping Centre, Andheri West 400058; ya Topax Eye Hospital, Vile Parle East. Dono jagah aapki OCT aur examination Dr. Jignesh Gala (FRCS Glasgow, vitreoretinal specialist) khud karte hain. Phone same hai: 077188 85245. Open daily, closes 9 pm.

8. Is a retina check-up covered by insurance?

Honest answer: standalone OPD check-ups and scans are usually not covered by standard mediclaim — true across Mumbai. Lekin OPD-cover plans aur corporate health cards diagnostics reimburse karte hain; hum GST invoice aur proper reports dete hain. Aur jab tests kisi covered surgery (vitrectomy waghera) ka part hote hain, wo claim mein bundle ho jaate hain — direct cashless Topax Eye Care (Vile Parle East) se, third-party/TPA cashless Crystal Clear Eye Clinic (Andheri West) se.

Every guide below is written by the same surgeon who would operate on you:

From drjigneshgalaeye.com

From crystalcleareye.in

Your retina deserves a specialist. Today, not someday.

Thirty minutes once a year. That is the entire price of never being surprised by your retina.

📍 Andheri West: Laram Centre CHS, A1-202, S.V. Road, above Sunil Jewellers, near NADCO Shopping Centre, Mumbai 400058
📍 Vile Parle East: Topax Eye Hospital • Open daily, closes 9 pm

📞 Call 077188 85245 💬 WhatsApp Us

Dr. Jignesh Gala, FRCS (Glasgow) — Vitreoretinal & Cataract Surgeon • drjigneshgalaeye.com • crystalcleareye.in

Medical disclaimer: This page is educational and does not replace a personal consultation. Prices are indicative, verified on 24 July 2026, and may change. Every eye is different — decisions are made only after examination by Dr. Jignesh Gala.

Research & Evidence Library — 154 Verified References

Every link verified live in July 2026 (official NCBI E-utilities). This is the research Dr. Gala reads — click any title to verify the science yourself.

OCT: Diabetic Macular Edema Biomarkers

  1. Multimodal imaging in diabetic retinopathy and macular edema: An update about biomarkers — Survey of ophthalmology, 2024
  2. Persistent diabetic macular edema: Definition, incidence, biomarkers, and treatment methods — Survey of ophthalmology, 2023
  3. Baseline OCT Biomarkers Associated with Visual Acuity in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis — Ophthalmology, 2026
  4. Optical coherence tomography in the management of diabetic macular oedema — Progress in retinal and eye research, 2024
  5. Imaging and Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema and Diabetic Retinopathy — Current diabetes reports, 2019

OCT: Oct Angiography In Diabetic Retinopathy

  1. OCT angiography 2023 update: focus on diabetic retinopathy — Acta diabetologica, 2024
  2. New insights into diabetic retinopathy by OCT angiography — Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2018
  3. Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy: an updated review — Eye (London, England), 2021
  4. Association of OCT Angiography-Detected Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities with Diabetic Retinopathy Severity — Ophthalmology. Retina, 2026
  5. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OCT AND OCT ANGIOGRAPHY CHARACTERISTICS IN EARLY DIABETIC RETINOPATHY — Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2023

OCT: Glaucoma – Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer

  1. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Optical Texture Analysis: Involvement of the Papillomacular Bundle and Papillofoveal Bundle in Early Glaucoma — Ophthalmology, 2022
  2. Anatomical compensation of retinal nerve fiber layer improves the detection of glaucoma between ethnicities — Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2024
  3. Racial Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma — American journal of ophthalmology, 2024
  4. Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Vascular Microcirculation in Glaucoma Using Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Microangiography — Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016
  5. Evaluating the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma with scanning laser polarimetry — Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1999

OCT: Telemedicine / Screening For Diabetic Retinopathy

  1. Review of smartphone funduscopy for diabetic retinopathy screening — Survey of ophthalmology, 2024
  2. Comparison of Telemedicine Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy by Mydriatic Smartphone-Based vs Nonmydriatic Tabletop Camera-Based Fundus Imaging — Journal of vitreoretinal diseases, 2021
  3. The role of tele-ophthalmology in diabetic retinopathy screening — Journal of optometry, 2020
  4. Cost-effectiveness of a National Telemedicine Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program in Singapore — Ophthalmology, 2016
  5. Feasibility of telemedicine in detecting diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration — Seminars in ophthalmology, 2015

OCT: Artificial Intelligence In Oct Interpretation

  1. [OCT biomarkers in diabetic maculopathy and artificial intelligence] — Die Ophthalmologie, 2024
  2. Artificial intelligence for retinal diseases — Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2024
  3. Artificial Intelligence and Imaging Processing in Optical Coherence Tomography and Digital Images in Uveitis — Ocular immunology and inflammation, 2022
  4. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Targeting Retinal Diseases — Current drug targets, 2020
  5. A comparison of deep learning performance against health-care professionals in detecting diseases from medical imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis — The Lancet. Digital health, 2019

OCT: Macular Hole & Epiretinal Membrane

  1. Epiretinal membrane: an overview and update — Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 2024
  2. In-Depth Analysis of Preoperative OCT Markers as Prognostic Factors for Lamellar Macular Holes and Epiretinal Membrane Foveoschisis — Ophthalmology. Retina, 2024
  3. Macular hole with epiretinal proliferation: diagnostic value of en-face optical coherence tomography and clinical characteristics — Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2024
  4. The clinical and pathogenic significance of atypical epiretinal tissue in macular hole — Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2022
  5. Optical coherence tomography in the preoperative and postoperative management of macular hole and epiretinal membrane — The British journal of ophthalmology, 2014

OCT: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

  1. Central serous chorioretinopathy and the sclera: what we have learned so far — Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 2024
  2. Can we classify central serous chorioretinopathy better? Yes we can — Eye (London, England), 2022
  3. Diagnostic accuracy of OCT angiography for macular neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis — Acta ophthalmologica, 2024
  4. Regression patterns of central serous chorioretinopathy using en face optical coherence tomography — Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2022
  5. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Analyzed by Multimodal Imaging — Translational vision science & technology, 2021

OCT: Age-Related Macular Degeneration Biomarkers

  1. OCT Prognostic Biomarkers for Progression to Late Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis — Ophthalmology. Retina, 2024
  2. Baseline OCT Biomarkers Predicting Visual Outcomes in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Meta-Analysis — Ophthalmology, 2025
  3. Choroidal biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration — Survey of ophthalmology, 2025
  4. Practical guidance for imaging biomarkers in exudative age-related macular degeneration — Survey of ophthalmology, 2023
  5. Predicting Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using OCT and Fundus Photography — Ophthalmology. Retina, 2021

OCT: Vitreomacular Traction

  1. Vitreomacular traction – a review — Eye (London, England), 2025
  2. Vitreomacular traction in diabetic retinopathy — Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 2024
  3. Vitreomacular Traction Surgery from the DISCOVER Study: Intraoperative OCT Utility, Ellipsoid Zone Dynamics, and Outcomes — Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina, 2021
  4. A Study of the Natural History of Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome by OCT — Ophthalmology, 2018
  5. The International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group classification of vitreomacular adhesion, traction, and macular hole — Ophthalmology, 2013

OCT: Swept-Source Oct / Enhanced Depth Imaging Choroid

  1. Choroidal biomarkers — Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2018
  2. Enhanced depth imaging in swept-source optical coherence tomography: Improving visibility of choroid and sclera, a masked study — European journal of ophthalmology, 2020
  3. Choroidal imaging biomarkers — Survey of ophthalmology, 2019
  4. Enhanced depth imaging-OCT of the choroid: a review of the current literature — Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2014
  5. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography — Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging : the official journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye, 2011

HVFC: Humphrey Visual Field & Progression

  1. Visual field progression in patients with severe glaucoma — Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2021
  2. Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma During COVID-19 — Journal of glaucoma, 2025
  3. Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial: design and baseline data — Ophthalmology, 1999
  4. Risk factors for visual field progression in newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden — Scientific reports, 2022
  5. Predicting Visual Field Progression by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Pattern Electroretinography in Glaucoma — Journal of glaucoma, 2022
  6. Reduction of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression: results from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial — Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 2002
  7. Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma Patients With Delayed Follow-Up — American journal of ophthalmology, 2026
  8. Visual Subfield Progression in Glaucoma Subtypes — Journal of ophthalmology, 2018
  9. Comparison of visual field progression in new-diagnosed primary open-angle and exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden — BMC ophthalmology, 2020
  10. Distribution and Progression of Visual Field Defects With Binocular Vision in Glaucoma — Journal of glaucoma, 2018
  11. To identify risk factors for central visual field progression in moderate to advanced glaucoma — Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2024
  12. Visual field progression in glaucoma: what is the specificity of the Guided Progression Analysis? — Ophthalmology, 2014
  13. Risk factors for visual field progression in treated glaucoma — Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 2011

HVFC: Standard Automated Perimetry / Sita

  1. Standard automated perimetry for glaucoma and diseases of the retina and visual pathways: Current and future perspectives — Progress in retinal and eye research, 2025
  2. False Positive Responses in Standard Automated Perimetry — American journal of ophthalmology, 2022
  3. 24-2 SITA Standard versus 24-2 SITA Faster in Perimetry-Naive Normal Subjects — Ophthalmology. Glaucoma, 2023
  4. SITA-Standard perimetry has better performance than FDT2 matrix perimetry for detecting glaucomatous progression — The British journal of ophthalmology, 2018
  5. Frequency-doubling perimetry: comparison with standard automated perimetry to detect glaucoma — American journal of ophthalmology, 2007
  6. [Static automated perimetry in the diagnosis of glaucoma. Part 1: Basic principles] — Vestnik oftalmologii, 2021
  7. Different strategies for Humphrey automated perimetry: FASTPAC, SITA standard and SITA fast in normal subjects and glaucoma patients — Bulletin de la Societe belge d’ophtalmologie, 2001
  8. The role of standard automated perimetry and newer functional methods for glaucoma diagnosis and follow-up — Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2011
  9. Frequency doubling technology and standard automated perimetry in detection of glaucoma among glaucoma suspects — Medical journal, Armed Forces India, 2014
  10. Relationship of SITA and full-threshold standard perimetry to frequency-doubling technology perimetry in glaucoma — Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2005
  11. Comparison of Size Modulation Standard Automated Perimetry and Conventional Standard Automated Perimetry with a 10-2 Test Program in Glaucoma Patients — Current eye research, 2017
  12. Diagnostic Accuracy of Smart Supra Perimetry in Comparison With Standard Automated Perimetry in the Detection of Early Glaucoma — Journal of glaucoma, 2025
  13. Comparison of standard automated perimetry, frequency-doubling technology perimetry, and short-wavelength automated perimetry for detection of glaucoma — Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011

HVFC: Visual Field Defect Detection (Sensitivity/Specificity)

  1. Diagnostic accuracy of an iPad application for detection of visual field defects — Eye (London, England), 2023
  2. The TsiogkaSpaeth grid for detection of neurological visual field defects: a validation study — Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2024
  3. Detection of visual field defects by opticians – with Damato Multifixation Campimetry Online — Acta ophthalmologica, 2019
  4. Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials (mfVEP) for the Detection of Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Journal of clinical medicine, 2021
  5. Detection of visual defects using the contrast sensitivity function — International ophthalmology clinics, 1980
  6. Frequency-doubling technology perimetry — Ophthalmology clinics of North America, 2003
  7. Visual fields in glaucoma: Where are we now? — Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2023
  8. Detection of visual-field deterioration by Glaucoma Progression Analysis and Threshold Noiseless Trend programs — The British journal of ophthalmology, 2009
  9. Detection of central visual field defects in early glaucomatous eyes: Comparison of Humphrey and Octopus perimetry — PloS one, 2017
  10. Subjective detection of visual field defects using home TV set — Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 1991
  11. Specificity of various cluster criteria used for the detection of glaucomatous visual field abnormalities — The British journal of ophthalmology, 2020
  12. Progressive visual field defects from experimental glaucoma: measurements with white and colored stimuli — Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 1999
  13. Visual Evoked Potentials and Glaucoma — Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2018

HVFC: 10-2 Central/Macular Visual Field

  1. Correlating 10-2 Visual Field Loss with Structural and Angiographic Parameters in Advanced Glaucoma — Ophthalmology and therapy, 2025
  2. Values of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and 10-2 visual field measurements in detecting and evaluating glaucoma — International journal of ophthalmology, 2024
  3. Central Visual Field Testing in Early Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology — Ophthalmology, 2024
  4. Central macular OCTA parameters in glaucoma — The British journal of ophthalmology, 2023
  5. Prediction of Central Visual Field Measures From Macular OCT Volume Scans With Deep Learning — Translational vision science & technology, 2023
  6. Comparison of 10-2 and 24-2C Test Grids for Identifying Central Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma and Suspect Patients — Ophthalmology, 2021
  7. Asymmetry of Macular Vessel Density in Bilateral Early Open-angle Glaucoma With Unilateral Central 10-2 Visual Field Loss — Journal of glaucoma, 2020
  8. Relationship Between Macular Perfusion Density and Central Visual Field Loss in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma — Journal of glaucoma, 2026
  9. Deep Learning Estimation of 10-2 Visual Field Map Based on Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Measurements — American journal of ophthalmology, 2024
  10. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Macular Vascular Density Measurements and the Central 10-2 Visual Field in Glaucoma — Journal of glaucoma, 2018
  11. Relationship between the Macular Microvasculature and Central Visual Field Sensitivity in Patients with Advanced Glaucoma — Ophthalmology. Glaucoma, 2023
  12. Association of 10-2 Visual Field Cluster Patterns With Visual Acuity in Normal-Tension Glaucoma Patients With Central Visual Field Defects — Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025
  13. Predicting the central 10 degrees visual field in glaucoma by applying a deep learning algorithm to optical coherence tomography images — Scientific reports, 2021

HVFC: Guided Progression Analysis

  1. The 24-2 Visual Field Guided Progression Analysis Can Miss the Progression of Glaucomatous Damage of the Macula Seen Using OCT — Ophthalmology. Glaucoma, 2022
  2. Visual Field Progression After Glaucoma Surgery in Pseudoexfoliation versus Primary Glaucoma — Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2023
  3. Detecting Glaucoma Progression Using Guided Progression Analysis with OCT and Visual Field Assessment in Eyes Classified by International Classification of Disease Severity Codes — Ophthalmology. Glaucoma, 2019
  4. Estimating functions for visual field progression in newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden — Scientific reports, 2023
  5. Event-based analysis of visual field change can miss fast glaucoma progression detected by a combined structure and function index — Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2018
  6. Pointwise Methods to Measure Long-term Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma — JAMA ophthalmology, 2020
  7. Short-Term Rates of Visual Field Change Predict Glaucoma Progression — Ophthalmology. Glaucoma, 2025
  8. Functional assessment of glaucoma: Uncovering progression — Survey of ophthalmology, 2020
  9. Risk factors for visual field progression of normal-tension glaucoma in patients with myopia — Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d’ophtalmologie, 2017
  10. Glaucoma progression detection: agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of expert visual field evaluation, event analysis, and trend analysis — European journal of ophthalmology, 2013
  11. Risk factors for visual field progression during 10-year follow-up in newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma patients — Scientific reports, 2026
  12. Association of Retinal Blood Flow with Progression of Visual Field in Glaucoma — Scientific reports, 2019
  13. Parapapillary Deep-Layer Microvasculature Dropout and Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma — American journal of ophthalmology, 2019

HVFC: Structure-Function Relationship (Oct & Visual Field)

  1. Update on the structure-function relationship in glaucoma — Survey of ophthalmology, 2026
  2. Structure-function relationship of reading performance in patients with early to moderate glaucoma — European journal of ophthalmology, 2024
  3. Structure-function relationship in a series of glaucoma cases — Journal francais d’ophtalmologie, 2020
  4. Relating optical coherence tomography to visual fields in glaucoma: structure-function mapping, limitations and future applications — Clinical & experimental optometry, 2019
  5. Comparison of the 24-2 and 24-2C Visual Field Grids in Determining the Macular Structure-Function Relationship in Glaucoma — Journal of glaucoma, 2021
  6. Focal Structure-Function Relationships in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using OCT and OCT-A Measurements — Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020
  7. Interpreting the structure-function relationship in high myopia-associated glaucoma: A review — Acta ophthalmologica, 2026
  8. Evaluation of the structure-function relationship in glaucoma — Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2005
  9. Macular structure-function relationship at various spatial locations in glaucoma — The British journal of ophthalmology, 2015
  10. Structure-Function Analysis of MP-3 Microperimetry versus Octopus Perimetry in Central Glaucomatous Visual Field Defects — Ophthalmic research, 2022
  11. Structure-function Relationship in Advanced Glaucoma After Reaching the RNFL Floor — Journal of glaucoma, 2019
  12. Structure-function relationship in glaucoma: Optical coherence tomography en face imaging vs. red-free fundus photography — Eye (London, England), 2023
  13. Structure-function relationship between Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width and perimetry in open-angle glaucoma subtypes — Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2020

HVFC: Ocular Hypertension Treatment & Visual Field Conversion

  1. Progression from ocular hypertension to visual field loss in the English hospital eye service — The British journal of ophthalmology, 2020
  2. Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) commentary — Current opinion in ophthalmology, 2003
  3. Conversion to Glaucoma in Pediatric Glaucoma Suspects — Journal of glaucoma, 2023
  4. Predicting Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness From Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Optic Disc Photographs — JAMA ophthalmology, 2025
  5. Identifying Factors Associated With Fast Visual Field Progression in Patients With Ocular Hypertension Based on Unsupervised Machine Learning — Journal of glaucoma, 2024
  6. Machine-Identified Patterns of Visual Field Loss and an Association with Rapid Progression in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study — Ophthalmology, 2022
  7. Evolving global risk assessment of ocular hypertension to glaucoma — Current opinion in ophthalmology, 2007
  8. Peripheral iridotomy for pigmentary glaucoma — The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016
  9. Identifying factors associated with fast visual field progression in patients with ocular hypertension based on unsupervised machine learning — ArXiv, 2023
  10. Exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma — Progress in retinal and eye research, 2000
  11. [Differentiation of ocular hypertension] — Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, 2016
  12. Are we ready for genetic testing for primary open-angle glaucoma? — Eye (London, England), 2018
  13. Surveillance for ocular hypertension: an evidence synthesis and economic evaluation — Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2012

HVFC: Visual Field Reliability Indices

  1. Real-World Analysis of the Aging Effects on Visual Field Reliability Indices in Central 10-2 Tests — Journal of personalized medicine, 2022
  2. Role of visual field reliability indices in ruling out glaucoma — JAMA ophthalmology, 2015
  3. Reliability of simultaneous visual field testing — Ophthalmology, 2012
  4. Analysis of reliability indices from Humphrey visual field tests in an urban glaucoma population — Ophthalmology, 1997
  5. Exploring Scotopic Microperimetry as an Outcome Measure in Choroideremia — Translational vision science & technology, 2024
  6. Reliability of visual field results over repeated testing — Ophthalmology, 1991
  7. Improving Visual Field Testing Reliability by Using an Educational Patient Leaflet — Cureus, 2025
  8. Real-World Analysis of the Aging Effects on Visual Field Reliability Indices in Humans — Journal of clinical medicine, 2021
  9. Predicting Global Test-Retest Variability of Visual Fields in Glaucoma — Ophthalmology. Glaucoma, 2021
  10. The Usefulness of Gaze Tracking as an Index of Visual Field Reliability in Glaucoma Patients — Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015
  11. The association between ocular surface measurements with visual field reliability indices and gaze tracking results in preperimetric glaucoma — The British journal of ophthalmology, 2018
  12. Comparison of 30-2 Visual Field Using Melbourne Rapid Fields Online Perimetry and Humphrey Field Analyzer — Journal of glaucoma, 2025
  13. Perimetry Testing in the 10th Decade of Life — Ophthalmology. Glaucoma, 2026